1 – Greater percentage is genetic: Twin and adoption studies indicate that genetics plays a significant role in determining IQ, with heritability estimates ranging between 60% and 80%. However, this does not mean that IQ is immutable, as interaction with the environment is also crucial.

2 – Environmental factors interfere, but with a genetic driver: The environment, including nutrition, education, cognitive stimulation and life experiences, can influence the development of intelligence. However, genetics establishes a maximum potential, and the environment determines the extent to which this potential will be reached.

3 – IQ increases with exercise, but the personalities of people with higher IQs are innate: Cognitive training can improve performance on IQ tests, but the gains tend to be specific to the skills trained and do not necessarily transfer to other areas. Furthermore, the personality of people with higher IQs can be influenced by both genetics and the environment. Temperament is influenced by genetics and can be an indicator of high intelligence.

4 – IQ varies depending on the people: There are average differences in IQ between ethnic and racial groups, but these differences are largely attributed to socioeconomic and cultural factors, innate genetic differences are not yet fully understood. It is important to highlight that the individual variation within each group is much greater than the variation between groups.

5 – Poverty interferes with IQ, as genes need to be nourished: Poverty can negatively affect cognitive development in several ways, such as through malnutrition, lack of access to quality education, chronic stress and exposure to environmental toxins. These conditions can prevent a person’s genetic potential from being fully realized.